The HPL (Horizontal Protection Level) and VPL (Vertical Protection
![](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adam-Ciecko/publication/290797592/figure/fig1/AS:318884470116352@1453039390465/EGNOS-Architecture-source-European-GNSS-Agency-2015_Q320.jpg)
The results of kinematic test: HPE/VPE, HPL/VPL and number of
![](https://egnos-user-support.essp-sas.eu/sites/default/files/data/processed_data/2024/02/29/prn/service_performances/20240229~PRN123~ProtectionLevel~Vertical~ECLAYR~01.jpg)
PROTECTION LEVEL (Area)
![](https://www.gpsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Fig7b.jpg)
Innovation: Improving ARAIM - GPS World
![](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamil-Krasuski/publication/348602771/figure/fig1/AS:981704948850689@1611068107064/Horizontal-left-and-Vertical-right-Stanford-diagrams-related-to-integrity-analysis_Q320.jpg)
The vertical profile of Cessna 172 aircraft at landing procedure at the
![](https://c5.rgstatic.net/m/4671872220764/images/template/default/profile/profile_default_m.jpg)
PDF) Monitoring Aircraft Position Using EGNOS Data for the SBAS APV Approach to the Landing Procedure
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-22-03570/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-22-03570-g009.png?1652081584)
Sensors, Free Full-Text
![](https://www.gpsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Fig4b.jpg)
Innovation: Improving ARAIM - GPS World
![](https://blog.novatel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Integrity-Graphic.jpg)
Integrity - NovAtel Blog
![](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317635101/figure/tbl1/AS:669043509972993@1536523811153/Performance-requirements-for-different-phases-of-flight-and-landing-of-a-civil-aircraft.png)
Performance requirements for different phases of flight and landing of
Standard deviation of an average aircraft position in the air test in
![](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10291-019-0947-7/MediaObjects/10291_2019_947_Fig4_HTML.png)
Extending access to localizer performance with vertical guidance approaches by means of an SBAS to GBAS converter
![](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs43020-023-00111-8/MediaObjects/43020_2023_111_Fig4_HTML.png)
Multi-level autonomous integrity monitoring method for multi-source PNT resilient fusion navigation, Satellite Navigation